Mod Tindakan Fungisid FRAC

Asid Nukleik

fungisid PA (PhenylAmides)

RNA polymerase I

Asid Nukleik

hydroxy- (2-amino-) pyrimidines

adenosin- deaminase

Asid Nukleik

heteroaromatics

DNA/RNA synthesis (proposed)

Asid Nukleik

carboxylic asid

DNA topoisomerase type II (gyrase)

Asid Nukleik

fungisid DHODHI

inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase within de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis

Sitoskeleton

fungisid MBC (Karbamat Metil Benzimidazol)

tubulin polymerization

Sitoskeleton

N-phenyl carbamates

tubulin polymerization

Sitoskeleton

benzamides

tubulin polymerization

Sitoskeleton

phenylureas

cell division (unknown site)

Sitoskeleton

benzamides

delocalisation of spectrin-like proteins

Sitoskeleton

cyanoacrylates

actin/ myosin/ fimbrin function

Sitoskeleton

pyridazine

tubulin dynamics modulator

Respirasi

pyrimidinamines

complex I NADH oxido-reductase

Respirasi

fungisid SDHI (Perencat Sukkinat Dehidrogenase)

complex II: succinate-dehydro- genase

Respirasi

fungisid QoI (Perencat Quinone outside)

complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) at Qo site (cyt b gene)

Respirasi

fungisid QiI (Perencat Quinone inside)

complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinone reductase) at Qi site

Respirasi

fungisid QiI (Perencat Quinone inside)

uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation

Respirasi

organo tin compounds

inhibitors of oxid. phosphorylation, ATP synthase

Respirasi

thiophene- carboxamides

ATP transport (proposed)

Respirasi

fungisid QioSI (Perencat Quinone inside dan outside, mod pengikatan stigmatellin)

complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiq. reductase) at Qi and Qo site (stigmatellin binding mode)

Sintesis Protein

fungisid AP (Anilino-Pyrimidines)

methionine biosynthesis (proposed) (cgs gene)

Sintesis Protein

enopyranuronic asid antibiotik

protein synthesis (ribosome, termination step)

Sintesis Protein

hexopyranosyl antibiotik

protein synthesis (ribosome, initiation step)

Sintesis Protein

glucopyranosyl antibiotik

protein synthesis (ribosome, initiation step)

Sintesis Protein

tetracycline antibiotik

protein synthesis (ribosome, elongation step)

Sintesis Protein

benzoxaboroles

leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS)

Isyarat Sel

aza- naphthalenes

signal transduction (mechanism unknown)

Isyarat Sel

fungisid PP (PhenylPyrroles)

MAP/Histidine- Kinase in osmotic signal transduction (os-2, HOG1)

Isyarat Sel

dicarboximides

MAP/Histidine- Kinase in osmotic signal transduction (os-1, Daf1)

Membran Lipid

phosphoro- thiolates

phospholipid biosynthesis, methyltransferase

Membran Lipid

fungisid AH (Hidrokarbon Aromatik) (chlorophenyls, nitroanilines)

cell peroxidation (proposed)

Membran Lipid

Carbamates

cell membrane permeability, fatty acids (proposed)

Membran Lipid

Polyene

ergosterol binding

Membran Lipid

fungisid OSBPI, perencatan homolog protein pengikat oksisterol

lipid homeostasis and transfer/storage

Membran Lipid

fragmen protein

interaction with lipid fraction of the cell membrane, with multiple effects on cell membrane integrity

Sterol

fungisid DMI (Perencat DeMetilasi) (SBI: Kelas I)

C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis (erg11/cyp51)

Sterol

amina (“morpholines”) (SBI: Kelas II)

14-reductase and 8→7- isomerase in sterol biosynthesis (erg24, erg2)

Sterol

fungisid KRI (Perencat KetoReduktase) (SBI: Kelas III)

3-keto reductase, C4-demethylation (erg27)

Sterol

(SBI kelas IV)

squalene- epoxidase in sterol biosynthesis (erg1)

Dinding Sel

dahulunya antibiotik glucopyranosyl (validamycin)

AND CODE

Dinding Sel

polyoxins

chitin synthase

Dinding Sel

fungisid CAA (Amida Asid Karboksilik)

cellulose synthase

Melanin

MBI-R (Perencat Biosintesis Melanin - Reduktase)

reductase in melanin biosynthesis

Melanin

MBI-D (Perencat Biosintesis Melanin - Dehidratase)

dehydratase in melanin biosynthesis

Melanin

MBI-P (Perencat Biosintesis Melanin - Sintase Poliketida)

polyketide synthase in melanin biosynthesis

Pertahanan Hos

benzo-thiadiazole (BTH)

salicylate-related

Pertahanan Hos

benzisothiazole

salicylate-related

Pertahanan Hos

thiadiazole- carboxamide

salicylate-related

Pertahanan Hos

sebatian semula jadi

polysaccharide elicitors

Pertahanan Hos

ekstrak tumbuhan

anthraquinone elicitors

Pertahanan Hos

mikrob

microbial elicitors

Pertahanan Hos

phosphonates

phosphonates

Pertahanan Hos

isothiazole

salicylate-related

Pertahanan Hos

peptida flagellin

peptide elicitors

Pertahanan Hos

metabolit molekul kecil semula jadi

defence priming agents

Tidak Diketahui

cyanoacetamide-oxime

Kod 27

Tidak Diketahui

phthalamic asid

Kod 34

Tidak Diketahui

benzotriazines

Kod 35

Tidak Diketahui

benzene-sulphonamides

Kod 36

Tidak Diketahui

pyridazinones

Kod 37

Tidak Diketahui

phenyl-acetamide

Kod U06

Tidak Diketahui

guanidines

cell membrane disruption (proposed)

Tidak Diketahui

cyano-methylene-thiazolidines

Kod U13

Tidak Diketahui

pyrimidinone-hydrazones

Kod U14

Tidak Diketahui

4-quinolyl-acetates

complex III: cytochrome bc1, unknown binding site (proposed)

Tidak Diketahui

tetrazolyloximes

Kod U17

Tidak Diketahui

glucopyranosyl antibiotik

unknown (inhibition of trehalase)

Tidak Diketahui

nereistoxin analogues

Kod U19

Tidak Diketahui

pelbagai

Tidak dinyatakan

Pelbagai Tapak

inorganic (electrophiles)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

inorganic (electrophiles)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

dithiocarbamates and relatives (electrophiles)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

phthalimides (electrophiles)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

chloronitriles (phthalonitriles) (unspecified mechanism)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

sulfamides (electrophiles)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

bis-guanidines (membrane disruptors, detergents)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

triazines (unspecified mechanism)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

quinones (anthraquinones) (electrophiles)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

quinoxalines (electrophiles)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

maleimide (electrophiles)

contact activity

Pelbagai Tapak

thiocarbamate (electrophiles)

contact activity

Biologi Pelbagai MOA

ekstrak tumbuhan

multiple effects on ion membrane transporters; chelating effects

Biologi Pelbagai MOA

mikrob (mikrob hidup, atau ekstrak daripada mikrob atau metabolit)

described (examples, not all apply to all biological groups): competition, mycoparasitism, antibiosis, membrane disruption by fungicidal lipopeptides, lytic enzymes, induced plant defence

Biologi Pelbagai MOA

metabolit tulen daripada sumber tumbuhan atau mikrob, atau versi sintetik metabolit ini

(1,3) glucan synthase and chitin synthase and resulting cell wall biosynthesis, disruption of membranes and membrane function, destruction of mitochondria and disruption of oxidative processes